Documents
The table below provides all ORASECOM official reports, technical reports, brochures, posters and pamphlets, produced during various projects. In general the latest documents are at the top of the list, sorted according to ORASECOM Report numbers, or document date.
Use the column headings to change the order of listings or use the search function to look for any data contained in the table. Searches for ORASECOM report numbers (eg. 014/2019) or project short codes (eg. TBA, as provided on the Project page) could help narrow down your search for specific documents or sets of documents. The short description of each document will also support more general thematic searches.
| Project | Title - Click to Open Document | Description | Funding and implementing organisations |
|---|---|---|---|
| ORASECOM | ORASECOM: The 2020-2021 hydrological season synoptic report on Surface Water Hydrology in the Orange-Senqu Basin - 2022 | The purpose of this report is as a first format of the report which will be compiled in a similar way in following years, but every year the report should be improved according to the needs at that time. The focus is on surface water hydrology, (surface water quantity information). The State of the Orange-Senqu River Basin reports focus on water quality. | UNDP-GEF, Basin States |
| ORASECOM | ORASECOM: Summary review relating to surface water hydrology annual reporting at state party level (Annexure 1) - 2021 | This report was compiled in the process of the development of a Synoptic report on surface water for the Orange-Senqu River Basin, to assess from interviews with the hydrology representatives in the four Member States of the Orange-Senqu River Basin Commission, what information is needed to be included in the synoptic report and what information is available | UNDP-GEF, Basin States |
| Third Orange Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-3: 2021 (JBS3) | Joint Basin Survey 3 - Coffee Table Book - 2021 | The primary driving reason for the JBS is to try and assess the health of the river system that so many people rely on. The Orange-Senqu River Basin is one of the highly developed river basins in the world. It faces a lot of pressure from various economic activities. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Lesotho-Botswana Water Transfer Multipurpose Transboundary project (LBWT) | Lesotho-Botswana Water Transfer: Makhaleng River Environmental Requirements - 2024 (015D/2019) | The purpose of the report is to review of the Eco Classification and EWR by documenting the process followed and results obtained for the EWR site. The report also provides the Eco Classification results, the EWR determination results, the operational scenarios developed for assessment and the Ecological consequences. The Report further lists all references used in the compilation of the report with specialist appendices. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Lesotho-Botswana Water Transfer Multipurpose Transboundary project (LBWT) | Lesotho-Botswana Water Transfer: Pre-feasibility Study Report - 2022 (014/2019) | This Pre-feasibility Phase 1 Report will address the selection of two dam sites on the Makhaleng River and two conveyance routes from Makhaleng Dam to Lobatse or Gaborone in Botswana. It also included the review of the Makhaleng River hydrology, water resources modelling, design flood estimates, historical firm yields, impact on Ecological Water Requirements (EWR) and review of conveyance routes | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Roadmap Supporting Report: Appendix A - Strategic Actions: Draft TORs - 2024 (013/2019) | The main purpose of this report is to provide details of the key Strategic Actions that in turn support a road map and operational plan for ORASECOM to rollout the implementation thereof, over the coming years for activities under its direct operational responsibility. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Roadmap Supporting Report: Appendix C - Core Scenario: Concept Notes - 2024 (012C/2019) | Set of concept notes of all the proposed infrastructure intervention projects that form part of the Core Scenario of the IWRMP and the Climate Resilient Investment Plan. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Roadmap Supporting Report: Appendix B - Strategic Actions: Concept Notes - 2024 (012B/2019) | Set of concept notes of Strategic Actions that needs to be taken to support the operationalization of the IWRMP. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Roadmap for IWRMP Operationalization Report - 2024 (012/2019) | The objective of the study is to assist ORASECOM and the riparian countries in operationalizing the IWRM plan developed in 2015. The objective will therefore be met through three outputs: A Climate Resilient Investment Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin based on the updated Core Scenario; Operationalization Plan for ten, subsequently combined to nine key strategic actions selected from the updated IWRM Plan; and Pre-feasibility level report for the L-BWT Project, and the feasibility level report for a new dam, on Makhaleng River in Lesotho. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan Brochure (A4) - 2024 (012D/2019) | Brochure of the developed Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Plan. A4 Format. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan Brochure (A3) - 2024 (012D/2019) | Brochure of the developed Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Plan. A3 Format. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: System Analysis Report - 2023 (011/2019) | The purpose of this report is to provide the details of all the water resource system analysis related work carried out as part of this study in one single report. Most of the system analysis work was done during the Core Scenario update work where the focus was on the Core Scenario, which includes all existing and future water requirements from the basin. It also includes several catchment infrastructure developments that are likely to take place to offset deficits of water demands in the future. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Basin Wide Investment Plan - 2023 (010/2019) | This investment plan showed the timing of each component of the Core Scenario, as well as the funding requirements to implement the components and suggested institutional arrangements to implement, own and operate the components. This report contained only summarized information on water requirements, funding and institutional arrangements. Each of these components was supported by detailed stand-alone reports. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Optimized IWRMP Core Scenario economic approach 2023 (009/2019) | Optimizing the Core Scenario involves an assessment of the optimal allocation of water resources across the different categories of water use to prioritise potential investments by assessing their contribution to unlocking value for money i.e. the investment’s contribution to socio-economic impact relative to the cost of the investment, the benefit versus the cost. The objective is to inform the process of prioritizing potential investments by assessing their economic effectiveness through the use of Unit Reference Value (URVs). Further each project intervention’s economic efficiency to unlocking the socio-economic impact relative to the cost of the investment is determined through the use of a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) model. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Review and assessment of existing policies, institutional arrangements and structures - 2020 (008/2019) | A comprehensive assessment of existing policies, institutional arrangements and structures that are responsible for water resources development and management. Provides a synopsis of each of the various multi-lateral and bi-lateral treaties guiding water resource management in the basin; of the national water resource management legislation of each of the basin states, that is Lesotho’s Water Act 15 of 2008, South Africa’s National Water Act 36 of 1998, Botswana’s Water Act of 1968, and Namibia’s Water Resources Management Act 11 of 2013. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Climate Change Report - 2021 (007/2019) | Describes the climate change modelling methodology, results and conclusions. Six climate change models were downscaled and disseminated into quaternary catchments. Both rainfall and evaporation data were changed in the rainfall runoff Water Resources Simulation Model 2000 (WRSM 2000) in which the natural runoff was obtained to assess the changes in yield with the Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM). The simulation was conducted in two separate scenarios by only changing the rainfall and secondly by changing the rainfall and runoff. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Groundwater Report - 2020 (006/2019) | This report describes the assessment of groundwater utilisation potential in the Orange-Senqu Basin in support of the Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Plan development. Included an assessment of available hydrogeological data and evaluation included: Assessment of the potential yield of the aquifer systems, potential volumes of groundwater in storage, state of current groundwater development and usage, groundwater quality, vulnerability to over abstraction and contamination, borehole yields, impact on surface water resources and ecological or environmental limitations on abstraction. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Preparation of Climate Resilient Water Resources Investment Strategy and Plan (CRIP) | Climate Resilient Investment Plan: Core Scenario Update Report - 2020 (003/2019) | This report describes all the inputs into the Core Scenario, the basis for decision making in the basin. The Core Scenario includes all existing and future water requirements from the basin, several catchment infrastructure developments that are likely to take place to offset deficits of water demands in the future. The chapters of this report summarizing the water requirements, water conservation and water demand management and the groundwater. | African Development Bank, NEPAD, SIWI, CRIDF, UKAid, GWP |
| Development of a Comprehensive Implementation Plan for Gender Mainstreaming in the Orange-Senqu River Basin Commission (GM) | ORASECOM Gender Mainstreaming Strategy - 2018 | The purpose of the ORASECOM Gender Mainstreaming Implementation Plan (GMIP) is to operationalise the GM Strategy. This should strengthen gender mainstreaming efforts in the basin by centrally positioning gender in water resource management programmes and initiatives consequently, raising the profile of gender in the basin. | SADC, UKAid, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Joint Survey Technical Report - 2018 (008/2018) | Contains observations and recommendations as a joint opinion from members that attended the Joint Basin Survey of the Transboundary Aquifers during 2018. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Groundwater Information System (User Manual) - 2018 (007/2018) | An outline of the structure and functionality of the existing ORASECOM Water Information System (WIS) is provided in this report. The report further describes the developed ORASECOM GIS Server and its functionality. The GIS server contains geospatial datasets and interactive maps on 3 transboundary aquifer systems located in the Orange-Senqu River Basin. Finally, the report provides the detailed user manual for accessing and uploading of ORASECOM geospatial datasets and related documents. The manual also shows how to create your own interactive maps and how to publish or share these maps. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Joint Survey Process Report - 2018 (006/2018) | One of the objectives of the Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers Project is the undertaking of a joint basin survey (JBS), by the members of the GWHC in order to foster closer cooperation by specialists in member states and increase awareness of transboundary issues. ORASECOM intends the joint survey to provide hands-on field observation of key transboundary aquifers, and the issues of concern to members of the GWHC. This Process Report is to include a checklist of parameters and features for observation by a joint team of officials responsible for groundwater from the four State Parties. A subsequent report is to be based on the findings and provide justification of features to observe and recommendations on further and similar joint surveys. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Stakeholders Workshop Proceedings Report - 2018 (005/2018) | The Groundwater stakeholder’s workshop was held to discuss the results of the Recharge Monitoring Reports, discuss findings and implication of results and reach consensus on Basin State needs and limitations. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Monitoring Framework Report - 2018 (004/2018) | This report presents a framework for future monitoring of transboundary aquifers. Member States will need to submit summary reports of the monitoring programmes of transboundary aquifers. A proposed template of a format for reporting is provided. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Monitoring Background Report - 2018 (003/2018) | The report summarises the finding of: a literature review of groundwater monitoring studies undertaken in the Basin; visits to the State Parties and their relevant national departments to identify groundwater monitoring requirements and existing groundwater databases and monitoring systems | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Improving Groundwater Knowledge in Selected Transboundary Aquifers: 2018 (TBA) | Transboundary Aquifers: Groundwater Recharge in the Karoo Sedimentary and Khakhea Bray Dolomitic Aquifers - 2018 (002/2018) | This Report documents groundwater recharge in the Karroo Sedimentary and the Khakhea/Bray Dolomite Aquifers including: A Literature review of all groundwater recharge estimation studies in the study areas, additional information using rainfall time series data in updating the groundwater recharge of the main recharge areas. The Karoo sedimentary aquifer forms the headwaters of the Orange-Senqu River system. The Karoo sedimentary study area is defined by Tertiary catchments D11, D112, D15-D18, and D21-D23. The Khakhea/Bray aquifer is defined by the area of dolomitic outcrop of the Campbell-Rand dolomites, including where it is overlain by the Kalahari sands, and bounded by the area where the dolomites dip under banded ironstones. | BMZ, DFID, GIZ |
| Governance of Groundwater Resources in Transboundary Aquifer (GGRETA) - Phase 1 (GGRETA) | Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System Assessment - 2016 | The assessment of the Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer System (STAS) was undertaken based on a multi-disciplinary methodology developed by the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP) and the International Groundwater Resources Centre (IGRAC) that includes the collection and processing of national data (hydrogeological, socio-economic and environmental, gender, legal and institutional), and the harmonization of data across all three countries to enable a joint assessment of the transboundary resource. Topics covered include: Role of groundwater in the STAS, threats to sustainable groundwater development and use, stakeholder participation, legal and institutional frameworks, diagnostic analysis, models and information management | UNESCO |
| Second Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-2: 2015 (JBS2) | Joint Basin Survey 2 (JBS2) - Persistent Organic Pollutants and Metals Survey: Final Report - 2015 (004/2015) | The survey of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, PFCs, PAHs, and other compounds of concern for the Orange-Senqu River basin is now included in the 5-yearly Joint Basin Survey – an exercise institutionalized by ORASECOM. A POPs survey and the results will be included in the Joint Basin Survey of 2015. Based on recommendations to ORASECOM in the 2013 report, the present survey of POPs, heavy metals, PFCs, PAHs, and other compounds of concern for the Orange-Senqu River basin is now included in a five-yearly institutionalised Joint Basin Survey by ORASECOM. The previous sampling was in 2010. | UNDP/GEF |
| Second Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-2: 2015 (JBS2) | Joint Basin Survey 2 (JBS2) - Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Water Quality Monitoring: Final Report - 2015 (001/2015) | This report serves to summarise the results of the Orange-Senqu Aquatic Ecosystem Health (OSAEH) Joint Basin Survey 2 sampling undertaken over the period 13-29th July 2015 at a total of 51 sites. Only those sites used for AEH and groundwater sampling are reported on here in detail. The coordinates of sites used for the inter-laboratory benchmarking exercise are provided here, but a separate report will detail the outcomes, procedures and recommendations of the Inter-laboratory benchmarking exercise component. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, German Cooperation, CRIDF, LHDA |
| Second Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-2: 2015 (JBS2) | Joint Basin Survey 2 (JBS2) - Press Releases | 5 Press releases for the JBS2 | ORASECOM |
| ORASECOM | ORASECOM 15 Year Report - 2015 | This report seek to provide a reflective and analytical overview of transboundary water cooperation within the Orange-Senqu River basin, and by its nature does not seek to detail progress on specific projects and initiatives undertaken by the Commission. The report will provide some baseline for future reflections and serve as a benchmark for evaluations and assessments of accomplishments of transboundary cooperation with particular focus on peculiarities of the Orange-Senqu River Basin and the four member states. | ORASECOM |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Executive Summary: Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2014 (020/2014) | The purpose of this executive summary report is to layout the Commission’s (ORASECOM) 10 year basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin covering the period 2015-2024. It is important to stress that it is focused on defining and prioritizing only ORASECOM’s actions and activities over the next ten years. However, in order to do this it has been necessary to develop a holistic plan within the spirit of IWRM, even though the majority of actions and activities in the Plan will be planned, prioritized and carried out (or are already being carried out) at the national level by national institutions without any interference from ORASECOM. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Main Report: Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2014 (019/2014) | The purpose of this report is to layout the Commission’s (ORASECOM) 10 year basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin covering the period 2015-2024. It is important to stress that it is focused on defining and prioritizing only ORASECOM’s actions and activities over the next ten years. However, in order to do this it has been necessary to develop a holistic plan within the spirit of IWRM, even though the majority of actions and activities in the Plan will be planned, prioritized and carried out (or are already being carried out) at the national level by national institutions without any interference from ORASECOM. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Economic Approaches to Water Resources Management in the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2014 (018/2014) | The objective of this document is to conduct a review of the various economic instruments for water management in the four countries that form part of the Orange-Senqu River Basin – Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa. The critical outcome of the document will be the evaluation of the effectiveness of the approaches employed in the four countries in enabling economic and water efficiency, with the aim of making recommendations about where instruments could be strengthened or adopted for use in the Integrated Water Resources Management Plan (IWRM) going forward. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Consolidation of Knowledge of Water Quality - 2014 (017/2014) | The main objective of this work sub-package (4e) was to: (a) provide a consolidation of the state of knowledge on water quality in the Orange-Senqu Basin, and (b) provide recommendations on water quality related actions for the development of the IWRM plan. 2014 | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Consolidation of Environmental Flow Requirements - 2014 (016/2014) | The report provides consolidated information on work carried out on environmental flow requirements at key points basin-wide. Furthermore report provides information for decision-makers and other stakeholders on the implications of different combinations of water resource development scenarios on the ecological status at each key point as well as vice versa (the implications of maintaining different levels of ecological status) on different development options. 2014 | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Application of the WRPM to the Orange-Senqu River System for the Basin-wide IWRM Plan; Model Setup and User Guide - 2014 (015/2014) | The objective of this report is to present a user guide for the Integrated Orange-Senqu WRPM configuration. The purpose of this guide is to make users aware of the various components of the model, and highlight the important characteristics made use of for the Orange-Senqu system. The guide focuses only on the Orange-Senqu system. The generic procedural manual is also included in Annex 2 for further information, should the user wish to review it. The detail file input structures for the WRPM are included in Annex 3. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Water Resources Modelling, Baseline Scenario, Yield Analysis, Stochastic Verification and Validation - 2014 (014/2014) | This report provide a summary of all WRYM model configurations, describe the developmental scenarios in support of the Integrated Water Resources Management Plan (IWRM), outcomes of the current situation simulation as well as the core scenarios, and the results form the Water Resources Planning Model (WRPM). | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Water Resources Modelling, Baseline Scenario, Yield Analysis, Stochastic Verification and Validation - 2014 (013/2014) | The objective of this report was to include a summary of all the Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM) configurations that have been consolidated in order to create the latest version of the WRYM for output in this study. A current situation simulation was carried out to test the model, the results of which are included in this report. The results of the stochastic verification tests are also included in this report as well as historic and stochastic yield analyses results. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Water Demand Projections and Synthesis of Planned Infrastructure Investments - 2014 (012/2014) | This report provides accurate water demand and -infrastructure information that was used in the water resource modelling (WRYM and WRPM) work that fed the Integrated Water Resources Management Plan (IWRM). A variety of infrastructure assets are under development or being planned in the basin and are described in this report. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Economic Analysis of Water based on Water Accounting for the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2014 (011/2014) | The purpose of this report is to estimate water accounts for the Orange-Senqu basin and determine whether the basin is managing its water in an efficient, equitable and environmentally sustainable manner. This included: (1)Review of previous work done in water accounts and collect data (2) Estimate basin water accounts (3) Describe the trade in virtual water and water in the economy (4) Interpret economic value efficient and benefit.. 2014 | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Strategic Action Programme for the Orange Senqu River Basin -2014 (010/2014) | The Orange–Senqu Strategic Action Programme (SAP) is a negotiated document that provides a basin-wide framework for the implementation of a prioritised set of national and joint transboundary actions and investments to address jointly agreed priority environmental concerns in the Orange–Senqu River basin. The SAP is endorsed at political (ministerial) level and, together with the related Action Plans of the four basin states, provides a basis for the implementation of SAP priority actions at national and basin level, and the integration of transboundary and basin concerns into national legislative, policy and budget decision-making processes. The focus of the SAP is on transboundary and/or common environmental concerns, i.e. those that can only be addressed through collective action of more than one, or even all, basin states. The SAP is aligned with the Action Plans of the four basin states. The Action Plans prioritise the environmental concerns identified by the TDA from a national perspective and identify suitable responses that can be implemented at national level only. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Pule’s River Journey: An Exploration of the Orange-Senqu River Basin for Children - 2014 (009/2014) | Drawing on the Orange–Senqu River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (2014) and a number of other relevant sources, this children’s book highlights the characteristics of the river basin – its resources, the people and economies it supports, and its problems – in a way that is accessible to a younger audience. Designed for the future custodians of this river basin and the resources it provides, this book gives an insight into the diversity of the basin and the importance of a common understanding of pertinent management challenges to the nations that share the river basin and which collaborate to address them. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Lower Orange–Senqu River: Determining the Flows Required to Safeguard Ecological Health and Human Wellbeing - 2014 (008/2014) | In 2012–2013 a research project was undertaken along the lower Orange and Fish rivers, and at the ecologically sensitive and important estuary, to determine the ecological states of these sections of the river and the environmental flow regime required to improve them. This booklet is based on this research and other related documents and studies. It provides a summary of the process and findings in an attractive and accessible format that will provide a handy reference for technical personnel and policy-makers, and enhance understanding of this complex subject. It also provides recommendations for policy and programme action. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Rehabilitating Rangelands for Healthy Headwaters: Steps Basotho Communities are Taking to Reverse Land Degradation at the Source of the Orange–Senqu River -2014 (007/2014) | This booklet is based on a demonstration project to address land degradation in the Mount Moorosi area of Lesotho. The project was initiated to test and demonstrate practical methods for rehabilitating these rangelands, which form the headwaters of important tributaries to the Orange–Senqu, through the active participation of community members and introduce improved and alternative livelihood options.This booklet describes the problem faced by people living in the area, the steps they have taken to address them, the successes they have achieved and the lessons learnt along the way. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: South Africa Environmental Action Plan - 2014 (006/2014) | The Action Plans are strategic implementation plans for addressing priority environmental concerns in the national part of the Orange–Senqu River basin. They are closely aligned with the Orange–Senqu Strategic Action Programme (SAP), a programme addressing priority environmental concerns at the basin-wide level. The Action Plans are critical tools for the implementation of SAP priority actions at national level and the integration of transboundary and basin concerns into national legislative, policy and budget decision-making processes. In the context of the Orange–Senqu River, the Action Plans (and the SAP) are closely linked with the basin-wide Orange–Senqu IWRM Plan, together essentially forming the environmental component of the IWRM Plan. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Namibia Environmental Action Plan - 2014 (005/2014) | The Action Plans are strategic implementation plans for addressing priority environmental concerns in the national part of the Orange–Senqu River basin. They are closely aligned with the Orange–Senqu Strategic Action Programme (SAP), a programme addressing priority environmental concerns at the basin-wide level. The Action Plans are critical tools for the implementation of SAP priority actions at national level and the integration of transboundary and basin concerns into national legislative, policy and budget decision-making processes. In the context of the Orange–Senqu River, the Action Plans (and the SAP) are closely linked with the basin-wide Orange–Senqu IWRM Plan, together essentially forming the environmental component of the IWRM Plan. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Lesotho Environmental Action Plan - 2014 (004/2014) | The Action Plans are strategic implementation plans for addressing priority environmental concerns in the national part of the Orange–Senqu River basin. They are closely aligned with the Orange–Senqu Strategic Action Programme (SAP), a programme addressing priority environmental concerns at the basin-wide level. The Action Plans are critical tools for the implementation of SAP priority actions at national level and the integration of transboundary and basin concerns into national legislative, policy and budget decision-making processes. In the context of the Orange–Senqu River, the Action Plans (and the SAP) are closely linked with the basin-wide Orange–Senqu IWRM Plan, together essentially forming the environmental component of the IWRM Plan. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Botswana Environmental Action Plan - 2014 (003/2014) | The Action Plans are strategic implementation plans for addressing priority environmental concerns in the national part of the Orange–Senqu River basin. They are closely aligned with the Orange–Senqu Strategic Action Programme (SAP), a programme addressing priority environmental concerns at the basin-wide level. The Action Plans are critical tools for the implementation of SAP priority actions at national level and the integration of transboundary and basin concerns into national legislative, policy and budget decision-making processes. In the context of the Orange–Senqu River, the Action Plans (and the SAP) are closely linked with the basin-wide Orange–Senqu IWRM Plan, together essentially forming the environmental component of the IWRM Plan. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Orange–Senqu River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis - 2014 (002/2014) | This comprehensive document consolidates the findings and recommendations of the Preliminary Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Orange–Senqu River Basin (2008). It provides a wealth of information on the river basin, including information from more recent studies on water balance, sediment loads, water quality, climate change, environmental flow requirements and irrigated agriculture, amongst others. In addition, it provides causal chain analyses of the major transboundary environmental problems, which were prioritised, revised and validated by recognised experts from each of the basin states. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Abundance and Scarcity: The Story of Water in the Orange–Senqu River Basin - 2014 (001/2014) | This publication draws on the Orange–Senqu River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (2014) and a number of other relevant sources. It is told through the pen of Greg Marinovich, a South African Pulitzer-Prize-winning photojournalist and author, and seen through the camera lenses of Greg and Leonie Marinovich. This book takes the reader on an illustrative journey through the basin from source to sea, highlighting the benefits drawn from this river basin and the challenges facing those living there and those managing these vital water resources. | UNDP-GEF |
| Support to Phase 3 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2014 (IWRMP_Ph3) | Brochure: Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2014 | A brochure of the Orange-Senqu Basin's Integrated Water Resources Management Plan. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, BMZ |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Set of posters about water and related issues in the Orange–Senqu River | This set of posters covers biomes and protected areas, irrigation, geology, invasive alien plants, declining water quality and harnessing water resources in the Orange–Senqu river basin. The information contained in the posters was gleaned from the Orange–Senqu River Basin Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: From Source to Sea Publication - 2013 (003/2013) | Interactions between the Orange–Senqu River Basin and the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem. The discharge of the Orange–Senqu River into the Atlantic Ocean off south-western Africa forms a natural linkage between the two commissions responsible for promoting the sustainable management of these two important ecosystems: the Orange–Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM) and the Benguela Current Commission (BCC). That the freshwater Orange– Senqu and the marine Benguela Current form an estuary of global significance and recognition – as a Ramsar site – makes the linkage that much more important. A common understanding of how these freshwater and marine ecosystems interact and influence each other is essential for the respective and joint management of the river basin, marine ecosystem and estuary. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: POPs, PAHs and Elemental Levels in Sediment, Fish and Wild Bird Eggs in the Orange–Senqu River Basin - 2013 (002/2013) | The Preliminary Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis of the Orange–Senqu River Basin (2008) noted several knowledge gaps, among them the lack of basin-wide and consistently gathered information on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals. This report details the findings of a study that addresses these gaps. It also examines levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and provides an assessment of the risks these pollutants pose to human health. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Orange–Senqu River Basin Infrastructure Catalogue - 2013 (001/2013) | This publication provides facts and figures about the structures built in the Orange–Senqu River system and how these are used to manage the river’s surface water resources to meet the human demands placed on them. Compiled from a variety of authoritative sources, it provides information, photographs, diagrams, and other pertinent information on transfer schemes, reservoirs, streamflow gauges, water purification works and wastewater treatment works. | UNDP-GEF |
| Republic of Namibia | Republic of Namibia: Water Resources Management Act - 2013 | Republic of Namibia: Water Resources Management Act - 2013. Legislation | Government of Namibia |
| ORASECOM | ORASECOM: General Background Pamphlet - 2013 | ORASECOM: General Background Pamphlet - 2013 | ORASECOM |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 38 Vioolsdrift-Noordoewer Joint Irrigation Authority Scheme - Water Management Plan - 2014 | Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer are small towns on opposite banks of the Lower Orange River (LOR), some 350 km from the river mouth. Vioolsdrift is in South Africa and Noordoewer in Namibia. The South African Government constructed a canal system serving the two settlements in 1933. The international Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer JIA is the only one of its kind on the Orange River.The project commenced with the identification of and implementation of 16 best management practices (BMPs) applicable in the JIA scheme. The main emphasis of these BMP’s was on measurement (efficiencies, water, quality, climate and soil moisture) and transfer of information. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 38 Vioolsdrift-Noordoewer Joint Irrigation Authority Scheme - Water Management Plan - 2014 | Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer are small towns on opposite banks of the Lower Orange River (LOR), some 350 km from the river mouth. Vioolsdrift is in South Africa and Noordoewer in Namibia. The South African Government constructed a canal system serving the two settlements in 1933. The international Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer JIA is the only one of its kind on the Orange River.The project commenced with the identification of and implementation of 16 best management practices (BMPs) applicable in the JIA scheme. The main emphasis of these BMP’s was on measurement (efficiencies, water, quality, climate and soil moisture) and transfer of information. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 47 Priority Interventions for the Management of the Orange-Senqu River Mouth (Estuary) - 2013 | This document discusses critical issues impacting on the health of the Orange-Senqu River mouth and identifies local priority interventions recommended for the SAP implementation phase. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 45 Basin-wide Environmental Flow Regime in the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2013 | A brief assessment of existing relevant environmental flow studies (a)A summary of: EFlow methodologies and Key findings and identification of gaps; (b) A summary of the state of implementation of EFlows in the four Orange-Senqu basin states (c) A list of the key components of a harmonised, basin-wide EFlows implementation and monitoring regime, with an outline of key activities required to establish such a regime. This assignment does not cover comment on or analysis of the validity of any of the results for EFlows in the Orange-Senqu Basin. These have been used as stated in the respective studies. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 44 Development of Basin-Wide Water Resources Quality Guidelines and Monitoring System - 2013 | This technical paper covers and reports on: (a) A comparative assessment of current water resource quality (WRQ) guidelines/standards and methodologies applicable in Orange-Senqu basin States (Chapter 2); (b) Key findings from the comparative assessment and an identification of gaps (Chapter 3); (c) The identification of key components of harmonised, basin-wide WRQ guidelines and a basin-wide monitoring system with an outline of key activities required to establish such a system (Chapter 4, 5 and 6). | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 37 Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Summary Report - 2013 | This report provides a summary of all the outcomes from the Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth. The study area for this project is the Orange River downstream of the Fish River confluence (including the estuary and immediate marine environment) and the Fish River. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 35 Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: EFR Monitoring Programme - 2013 | This report focuses on the proposed monitoring programme for the Fish and Orange rivers and the Orange Estuary. The objectives of this component of the project were to: (a) set ecological specifications (EcoSpecs) and thresholds of potential concern (TPCs) for rivers and the estuary; (b) provide a river monitoring programme; (c) update the design of the existing Orange Estuary monitoring programme with the findings of this study. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 34 Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Assessment of the role of freshwater inflow in the coastal marine ecosystem - 2013 | an assessment on the role of freshwater inflows and associated fluxes in the coastal marine ecosystems linked to the estuary and the potential effects of changes in the freshwater-related fluxes into these ecosystems. This will be done in order to recommend allowable changes in freshwater inflow into the marine environment within the constraints of maintaining or improving the present health status of the marine ecosystem and optimisation of the existing ecosystem services provided by the coastal ecosystem. This study will focus sediment and hydrodynamics, microalgae, invertebrates and fish using available catch data, remote sensing and numerical modelling. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 33 Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of Orange Estuary - Supplemental Information EFR - 2013 | This report focuses on the Orange Estuary. The objectives of this component of the study included: (a) the development and implementation of a baseline monitoring programme covering flowrelated biophysical parameters; (b) research and assessment of non-flow-related impacts on the estuary; (c) description of the present ecological state (PES) of the estuary; (d) determining the environmental flows that would be required to maintain a range of ecological conditions in the estuary; (e) recommend attainable and satisfactory environmental flows for the estuary; (f) design of a long-term monitoring programme to assess the efficacy of environmental flows and other management interventions for the estuary. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 32 Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of Orange Estuary EFR - 2013 | This report focuses on the Orange Estuary. The objectives of this component of the study included: (a) the development and implementation of a baseline monitoring programme covering flowrelated biophysical parameters; (b) research and assessment of non-flow-related impacts on the estuary; (c) description of the present ecological state (PES) of the estuary; (d) determining the environmental flows that would be required to maintain a range of ecological conditions in the estuary; (e) recommend attainable and satisfactory environmental flows for the estuary; (f) design of a long-term monitoring programme to assess the efficacy of environmental flows and other management interventions for the estuary. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 31: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Hydrology and River Hydraulics - 2013 | This report focuses on the hydrology, hydraulics and geohydrology of the Orange River downstream of Sendelingsdrift to the estuary including the Fish River in Namibia. Three EFR sites are included in this study: two along the Fish River (Namibia), and one along the Orange River between the Fish River confluence and its mouth (Namibia-South Africa border). | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 30: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of the lower Orange River EFR ; Supplemental Information - 2013 | This report focuses on the Lower Orange River, between the Fish River COnfluence and the estuary. The objectives of the Fish River component of the study were to: (a) determine the present ecological state (PES), importance and future recommended ecological category (REC) (b) set the EFR using the approach developed within this study and (c) address scenarios that include future developments and growth, and determine the ecological implications. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 29: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of the lower Orange River EFR - 2013 | This report focuses on the Lower Orange River, between the Fish River COnfluence and the estuary. The objectives of the Fish River component of the study were to: (a) determine the present ecological state (PES), importance and future recommended ecological category (REC) (b) set the EFR using the approach developed within this study and (c) address scenarios that include future developments and growth, and determine the ecological implications. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 28: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of Fish River EFR; Supplemental Information - 2013 | This report focuses on the Fish River in Namibia. The objectives of the Fish River component of the study were to: (a) develop environmental flow requirement (EFR) methodologies with specific emphasis on the ephemeral nature of the Fish River (b) determine the present ecological state (PES), importance and future recommended ecological category (REC) (c) set the EFR using the approach developed within this study and (d) address scenarios in terms of the existing and new dams in the Fish River. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 27: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Determination of Fish River EFR - 2013 | This report focuses on the Fish River in Namibia. The objectives of the Fish River component of the study were to: (a) develop environmental flow requirement (EFR) methodologies with specific emphasis on the ephemeral nature of the Fish River (b) determine the present ecological state (PES), importance and future recommended ecological category (REC) (c) set the EFR using the approach developed within this study and (d) address scenarios in terms of the existing and new dams in the Fish River. | UNDP-GEF |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 26: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Consequences of Scenarios on Ecosystem Services - 2013 | This report provides a qualitative description of the socio-economic contribution made in the form of ecosystem services supplied by the lower Orange-Senqu River system, including its estuary and main tributary, the Fish River. The study was based on site visits and a limited number of interviews with key stakeholders, as well as examination of existing published and unpublished information. This is followed by an assessment of how the supply of these services might be impacted under different scenarios, based on the predictions of ecological specialists as to how the characteristics and functioning of the river and estuarine ecosystems are likely to change. | UNDP-GEF |
| Republic of Botswana | Republic of Botswana: National Water Policy - 2012 | Republic of Botswana: National Water Policy - 2012 | Government of Botswana |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 22: Environmental Flow Requirements of the Fish River and the Orange-Senqu River Mouth: Delineation of Management Resource Units -2012 | If an Environmental Flow Requirement (EFR) determination is required for a whole catchment, it is necessary to delineate the catchment into Resource Units (RUs). These are each significantly different and therefore warrant their own specification of the EFRs. The geographic boundaries of each must also be clearly delineated (DWAF, 1999, Volume 3). RUs are required, as it would be inappropriate to set the same numerical EFR for the headwaters of a river, and for the lowland reaches. These sections of a river frequently have different natural flow patterns, react differently to stress (according to their sensitivity) and therefore require individual specifications of the EFR appropriate for that reach. | UNDP-GEF |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | A scoping study on Urban Pollution in the Orange-Senqu System - 2011 (016/2011) | This assignment provides a scoping study of the extent of the urban pollution problem in the Orange-Senqu River System. It is aimed at helping the ORASECOM Contracting Parties develop a common understanding of the scope of urban pollution in the basin, the applicable legislation and current efforts to address the problem. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Overall Project Executive Summary - 2011 (013/2011) | This report provides a summary of all the outcomes of the project sub-tasks. These included Development of an Integrated Orange Senqu River Basin Model, Updating and Extension of Orange-Senqu Hydrology, the preparation and development of an integrated water resources quality management plan, an assessment of global climate change, and an assessment of Environmental Requirements. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Irrigation GIS Database, Interactive Database and Irrigation Scenario Tool - 2011 (012/2011) | This report describes the work undertaken on mapping the extent of irrigation in the Basin. The fundamental aims of this survey of crop water demands was to update the baseline (2009) crop water demands for the Water Resources System Simulation model. The data was updated from the previous 2001 estimates. The Water Resources System models can be used to explore many future possible scenarios for irrigation water demands. The precision for the baseline is only one factor in predicting impacts of changes in demand for water for agriculture over future planning periods. The project provides a tool to assist with predicting irrigation demands in future scenarios. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | The promotion of Water Conservation and Water Demand Management in the Irrigation Sector - 2011 (011/2011) | The report provides a detailed overview of water conservation and water demand management in the irrigation sector in each of the basin states. Regulatory, institutional, technological and agronomic aspects are covered. The analysis of best management practices was carried out initially through a combination of site visits and stakeholder workshops. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix F - Riparian Vegetation (010/2011) | This report describes the Riparian Vegetation Assessments (VEGRAI) done per EFR site in this study. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix E - Geomorphology (010/2011) | This report describes the specialist data analysis for the geomorphological component of the Orange River Environmental Flow Assessment study undertaken in 2010. The report includes the EcoClassification (“health”) assessments of the EFR sites, and the analysis undertaken to identify significant flows for channel and habitat maintenance. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix D - Fish - 2010 (010/2011) | The report describes the considerations for the EFR sites based on available information. Seventeen (17) fish species indigenous to South Africa have previously been recorded in the Orange River System and its tributaries (including the Molopo River and Lesotho tributaries. Another eight alien fish species and one translocated indigenous species are furthermore known to occur within the Orange River System and its tributaries | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix C - Water Quality - 2010 (010/2011) | The information in this report covers the following per EFR site for the Caledon, Kraai and Molopo systems: (a) Catchment context, particularly as it pertains to water quality. (b) Available data / data confidence. (c) Data assessment and PAI (Physico-chemical driver Assessment Index) table. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix B - Diatom - 2010 (010/2011) | The report provides the results from Diatom Analyses done at all the EFR sites included in this project. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Appendix A - Hydraulics - 2010 (010/2011) | The objectives of the Eco hydraulic component of this study are to provide geomorphologically and ecologically relevant hydraulic information (data collection, analysis and results) for assessing the Environmental Flow Requirements (EFRs) at six river sites: two sites along the Caledon River, one site along the Kraai River and three sites along the lower Orange River. A further site was located in the wetland downstream of the Molopo Eye. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Report Volume 2 - 2010 (010/2011) | Thie report provides support to Volume 1 in terms of monitoring: Ecospecs and Thresholds of Potential Concern. This document contains the monitoring component of the EFR determination and emphasis is on technical data in the form of tables which summarises EcoSpecs and Thresholds of Potential Concern. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Environmental Flow Requirements: Report Volume 1 - 2010 (010/2011) | This report provides the results from the detailed assessment of the Ecological Flow Requirements at selected key areas of the Orange-Senqu River Basin at an Intermediate Level of detail. EFRs were determined in the Orange River downstream of Vanderkloof Dam; the Caledon River, Kraai River and in the Upper Molopo River. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Climate Change: Projection of impacts and Guidelines on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies - 2011 (009/2011) | This report details the potential impacts of the predicted climate change, as indicated in the Regional Downscaling work. Include: detection of statistically significant change in the climate; assessment of, to which extent the detected climate change is consistent with the predicted climate change; if there is an inconsistency, identification of physically plausible explanations of the detected climate change; and assessment of major adaptation needs in terms of water resource management, communities and economic activities, with a view to countering observed and/or expected impacts of climate variability and change on the hydro-climatology and water resources. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Climate Change: GCC Downscaling for the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2011 (008/2011) | This reports is on the Regional Downscaling work done for the Climate Change analysis. In this study, the intention was to downscale the results of global climate simulations according to the SRES A1B emission scenario for the Orange-Senqu River basin in Southern Africa. The downscaling was carried out by two complementary approaches: One uses the dynamical regional climate model CCLM, whereas second model (STAR II) uses a statistical method. With this study we aim to provide the scientific-technical basis for planning sustainable water quantity management in the basin. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Development of Water Quality Monitoring programme and Data Management Framework - 2011 (007/2011) | This report presents the trans-boundary water quality monitoring program developed for the Orange-Senqu River Basin. water quality is being threatened by acid mine drainage, industrial discharges, runoff from urban developments, agriculture (irrigation return flows), as well as wastewater treatment plant discharges. The member states sample the river at various monitoring points in the basin. The samples are tested in laboratories within each of the member states. The integrity of the water quality analysis is often questioned by the member states. The need for the development of a collaborative monitoring program and reporting system has been expressed by the member states so that trust can be developed in the data and the perceived water quality issues can be clarified. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Extension of Hydrological Records - 2011 (006/2011) | This report details activities and results associated with producing updated and extended hydrological timeseries sequences for the basin as a whole. It addresses certain deficiencies with the existing hydrological data sets which are not consistent throughout the Orange-Senqu river basin. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Improvements to Gauging Network and Review of Existing Data Acquisition Systems - 2011 (005/2011) | The following aspects have been investigated regarding the surface water monitoring network: Gauging network's spatial coverage and performance; Institutional responsibility/structure; Measurement and on-site data storage; Data collection and transmission; Data Processing and quality control; Discharge calculations (ratings etc.); Field Measurements (gauging, surveys etc) for discharge verification; and data storage, updating and dissemination. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Capacity Building and Setting Up the Models in Each Country; Process of Continuous Review - 2011 (003/2011) | This report provides feedback on the capacity building process and the setting up of the models in each of the countries (Basin States). It also outlines the proposed continuous review process. The report also includes the presentation slides of the training material used during the capacity building for both managerial and technical human resources. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Setting up and Testing of the Final Extended and Expanded Models; Changes in Catchment Yields and Review of Water Balance - 2011 (001/2011) | This report presents an overview of water resources modelling and describes the various models used in the process. It also includes a summary of the hydrology used in the systems analyses models, a summary of the demands (water requirements) and return flows used and a summary of the physical system components. The report also provides an overview of the configuration of the Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM), the results from the yield analyses and the updated water balance carried out with the WRYM. The report also briefly introduce the Water Resources Planning Model (WRPM).The report also includes Appendices with the geographical maps and schematic network diagrams for the WRYM configuration. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | Joint Basin Survey 1 (JBS1): Final Report - Part 2: Main Report - 2011 | This report provides the detailed breakdown of the results from the Orange-Senqu Aquatic Ecosystem Health (OSAEH) monitoring undertaken during October to March 2011 at 16 selected sites and includes previous Reserve (environmental flow) studies conducted at 26 sites during 2007 - 2010. Background information is provided on the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority Monitoring programme as well as a literature review of studies undertaken in the Fish River to determine potential biomonitoring sites. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | Joint Basin Survey 1 (JBS1): Final Report - Part 1: Summary Report - 2011 | This report serves to summarise the results of the Orange-Senqu Aquatic Ecosystem Health (OSAEH) monitoring undertaken during October to March 2011 at 16 selected sites and includes the summarised results of previous Reserve (environmental flow) studies conducted at 26 sites during 2007 - 2010. Background information is provided on the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority Monitoring programme as well as a literature review of studies undertaken in the Fish River to determine potential biomonitoring sites. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Assessment of Environmental Flow Requirements: Desktop EcoClassification Assessment -2010 (016/2010) | A scoping (Desktop) level assessment of ecological and socio-cultural condition and importance across the basin. A process is followed to determine the integrated Environmental Importance in terms of three components, namely the Ecological Importance and Sensitivity (EIS), the Socio-Cultural Importance (SCI), and the Present Ecological State (PES) for the whole study area. This information, together with the Water Resource Use Importance is then used to identify areas of critical importance which will require more detailed assessments when future developments (amongst others) are considered. This information also plays a critical role in identifying areas where EFR sites (where more detailed studies are undertaken) should be selected. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Assessment of Environmental Flow Requirements: Goods and Services Report - 2010 (010/2010) | The report describe the analysis of the parts of the catchment that are central to a consideration of delivery of usage to people that is not part of the formal market economy. The first part of the report considers an overall contextual background to the Goods and Services in the catchment, while the second part is a more detailed consideration of the Goods and Services in specific parts of the catchment. These have been allied to the Environmental Flow Requirements (EFR) sites selected as part of the overall Environmental Flow Requirements study. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Assessment of Environmental Flow Requirements: Delineation of Management Resource Units - 2010 (009/2010) | The focus of the Resource Unit delineation is only for the rivers in which EFR sites will be selected, i.e. the Caledon River, Orange River downstream of Gariep Dam, the Kraai River and the Molopo River from its source to the Ramabatlama confluence. Resource Units are each significantly different to warrant their own specification of the Environmental Flow Requirements and the geographic boundaries of each must be clearly delineated. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Assessment of Environmental Flow Requirements: Literature survey and Gap Analysis - 2010 (008/2010) | This document provides an evaluation of readily available EFR studies undertaken | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Climate Change: Downscaling Methodology and Ongoing Climate Modelling Initiatives - 2010 (007/2010) | This report provide a summary of the current Global Circulation Models, their current predictions for Africa as well as the methodologies for downscaling the results from these models to regional models. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Development of Specifications for the Water Quality Model - 2010 (006/2010) | From the early 1980s hydro-salinity models have been developed and applied to deal with the acute problems that were apparent in the Vaal River System. The salinity models have been successfully applied in managing the salinity related aspects of water quality in the Vaal River System. The management of nutrients is the next modelling challenge facing the Orange River Basin. Although nutrient models have been applied to sectors of the Vaal River, there is a need for a planning level nutrient model which can be applied to develop nutrient management strategies for the basin. This report provides a breakdown of the water quality model needs in the Orange-Senqu basin. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Support to Phase 2 of the ORASECOM Basin-wide Integrated Water Resources Management Plan: 2011 (IWRMP_Ph2) | Strenght and Weaknesses of Existing Models - 2010 (005/2010) | The purpose of this document is to assess the Water Resources Yield Model (WRYM) and Water Resources Planning Model (WRPM). Weaknesses as well as strengths of both models have been identified, listed and described. Appropriate actions to enhance the strengths and to minimise or eliminate the weaknesses have been identified. The process has taken into account the extensive updates and improvements that have been/are to be done on the models. | GIZ, UKAid, Australian Aid. |
| Orange-Senqu Strategic Action Programme: 2013 (SAP) | SAP: Technical Report 15: POPs, PAHs and Elemental Levels in Sediment, Fish and Wild Bird Eggs in the Orange-Senqu River Basin - 2010 | This study undertook a survey and assessment of POPs and heavy metals in water bodies and riverine sediments as contribution to the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) of the orange-Senqu River Basin. During the study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were added as additional research topic. | UNDP-GEF |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | The State of the Orange-Senqu River System: The Water Resources Quality - Five years on - 2010 | The JBS-1 was the first joint monitoring of the Orange-Senqu basin supported by all the Member States. This publication provides a brief overview of the results of the survey. It is aimed at the people of the Basin who ultimately have the biggest stake in the quality of the water resources | SADC, European Development Fund |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | Joint Basin Survey 1 (JBS1) - Fingerprinting water quality Poster - 2010 | This poster shows how the Total Dissolved Salt (TDS) concentrations and the proportions of the different salts in the water changes across the Orange-Senqu Basin in relation to pollution from mines, irrigation and urban areas. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, German Cooperation, CRIDF, LHDA, UNDP/GEF |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | Joint Basin Survey 1 (JBS1) - Booklet - 2010 | The intention of JBS-1 is to provide a snapshot of the quality of the water resources of the basin in 2010. This may serve as a baseline against which future improvements can be measured. The survey will be the first joint monitoring of the Orange-Senqu basin supported by all the Contracting Parties working together, and will provide assessments for a wide range of water quality, aquatic ecosystem health and ecosystem habitat (hydro-geomorphology) parameters. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, German Cooperation, CRIDF, LHDA, UNDP/GEF |
| First Orange-Senqu Water Resources Quality Joint Basin Survey JBS-1: 2010 (JBS1) | Joint Basin Survey 1 (JBS1) - Aquatic Ecosystem Health Poster - 2010 | This poster provides an overview of the Aquatic Ecosystem Health of the Orange Senqu River Basin as surveyed during the Joint Basin Survey of 2010. | UKAid, AustralianAid, GIZ, German Cooperation, CRIDF, LHDA, UNDP/GEF |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | Orange-Senqu Aquatic Ecosystem Health Monitoring Programme Manual - 2009 (009/2009) | ORASECOM monitors the Aquatic Ecosystem Health of the Orange-Senqu River through this programme. The programme provides the basis for an ongoing assessment and reporting of the state of aquatic ecosystems, which in turn is to be used to prompt more detailed studies of the causes of degradation in aquatic ecosystem health. These more detailed studies may serve as a basis for further recommendations to the Parties with regard to measures to protect aquatic ecosystems. This report provides the details that are required to implement the monitoring of aquatic ecosystem health in the basin, and to report on this on a regular basis. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | Proposals for Stakeholder Participation in ORASECOM - 2009 (008/2009) | This particular report reflects upon the first task which provides for an analysis of the ORASECOM stakeholder Roadmap, a desktop review of participation in other transboundary basins, and then through discussion with Member States the development of a proposed format for stakeholder participation in ORASECOM’s process of formulating recommendations to Parties. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Feasibility Study of the Potential for Sustainable Water Resources Development in the Molopo-Nossob Watercourse | Molopo-Nossob Feasibility Study Main Report - 2009 (007/2009) | The objective of the project was to assess and evaluate the water resources of the Molopo-Nossob catchment to formulate a method to improve the management of the area that will be environmentally sound, economically viable and financially achievable. The possibility of restoring flows to the river system was also investigated, as well as the identification and assessment of sustainable surface water development options. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | Legal Opportunities and Constraints for ORASECOM - 2009 (007/2009) | The following areas of work have been addressed: (a) outline of the general principles of International Water Law, including the Helsinki Rules, the UN Convention on the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, and the Berlin Rules.(b) Provide an overview of the Revised SADC Protocol on Shared Watercourses, and how this protocol binds the ORASECOM Member States.(c) Outline the provisions of the ORASECOM Agreement, and the mandate this provides to the organisation. d) Outline the bilateral agreements in force in the Orange-Senqu River System, and how this may influence the formulation of a Basin Wide Plan for ORASECOM. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Feasibility Study of the Potential for Sustainable Water Resources Development in the Molopo-Nossob Watercourse | Molopo-Nossob Catchment Groundwater Report - 2009 (006/2009) | Analysis of the basin's groundwater in terms of study reports on sustainable groundwater exploitation, impact of groundwater exploitation, on base flows, periodic floods, potential exploration methods and regional groundwater potential. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | Institutional Analysis for ORASECOM - 2009 (006/2009) | This report provides an Institutional Analysis for ORASECOM, proposing institutional roles and responsibilities for structures within the organization. It is constructed from a review of international experience with transboundary water management institutions. This is set against a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis for ORASECOM, which helps ensure that the proposals are viable, but that they maximize opportunities. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Groundwater Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin for Rural Communities including Assessment of National Databases at the Sub-basin Level for possible Future Integration | Groundwater Review of the Molopo-Nossob Basin: Final Report - 2009 (005/2009) | The main objective of the project was to evaluate the groundwater resources of the Molopo-Nossob Basin based on an exhaustive analysis of the available data and information. This included a thorough analysis of the data/databases in each of the basin states in order to make recommendations on how data can best be shared between the basin states and integrated in a common database. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Feasibility Study for the Development of a Mechanism to Mobilize Funds for Catchment Conservation | Business Case for the ORASECOM Conservation Fund - 2009 (004/2009) | This document is the final business case for the ORASECOM Conservation Fund. It has been presented, tested and improved through the Project Steering Committee and stakeholder workshops in March 2009, and through the ORASECOM Legal Task Team and ORASECOM Council presentation in April 2009. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Feasibility Study for the Development of a Mechanism to Mobilize Funds for Catchment Conservation | Conservation Fund Assessment Report - Identification of key mitigation measures - 2009 (003/2009) | This document is part of the final deliverable of this project and is derived from the Conservation Fund Assessment Report which focused on the identification and prioritisation of potential mitigation measures for key water-related conservation challenges in the Orange-Senqu Basin. A draft priority rating of the identified mitigation measures is presented, which was tested in the Consultative Phase workshop held in early March 2009. The proposed business case for funding mechanisms is presented in a separate document. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Assessment of potential for development and use of Marginal Waters | Development and use of Marginal Waters: Final Report Appendix C Scopes of Work per Country - 2009 (002/2009) | The Assessment dealt with assessment of current marginal water use (reuse/reclamation) and future potential of it in the basin, In addition Scopes of Work were identified for priority projects in each country (Appendix C) | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Assessment of potential for development and use of Marginal Waters | Development and use of Marginal Waters: Final Report - 2009 (002/2009) | The Assessment dealt with assessment of current marginal water use (reuse/reclamation) and future potential of it in the basin, In addition Scopes of Work were identified for priority projects in each country (Appendix C) | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Design and Planning of a Capacity Building Programme for Technical Staff/ Experts/ Commissioners and Stakeholders | Capacity Building Programme Final Report - 2009 (001/2009) | The main aim of this project will be to strengthen the capacity of the member states of the Orange-Senqu River Basin to manage their shared water resources, to foster cooperation and a multilateral approach to water resources development and management. It is accepted that a lack of cooperation may not only have detrimental effects on the water resources situation, but will also have negative socioeconomic, political as well as environmental consequences. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| African Transboundary River Basin Support Programme Case of the Orange-Senqu River. | A scoping study into operational Guidelines and Procedures which Strengthen ORASECOM - 2008 (005/2008) | The intention of this work was to identify what procedures and guidelines1 would be required to strengthen the organisation’s ability to give effect to its mandate. It was a short scoping study, only identifying where guidelines and procedures may be necessary. This submission summarises the key findings of the report produced from this study, and summarises the recommendations for Guidelines and Procedures for approval by Council. | SADC, European Development Fund |
| Feasibility Study of the Protection of Orange-Senqu River Water Sources (’Sponges’ Project) Lesotho | Lesotho "Sponges": Final Report - 2008 (004/2008) | Establishing accurate information on the extent and state of the palustrine wetlands for decision-making on wetlands management and establishing an appropriate Action Plan for the sustainable management of the palustrine wetlands. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Feasibility Study of the Potential for Sustainable Water Resources Development in the Molopo-Nossob Watercourse | Molopo-Nossob Catchment Status Inventory Report - 2009 (003/2008) | The objective of this stage is to conduct an in-depth investigation of the status of the Molopo-Nossob catchment, specifically with respect to water requirements vis-à-vis the availability of water, but also with respect to the demographic profile, land-use and other related matters. | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Feasibility Study of the Potential for Sustainable Water Resources Development in the Molopo-Nossob Watercourse | Molopo-Nossob Surface Water Hydrology Report - 2009 (002/2008) | Surface water rainfall runoff modelling for the Molopo-Nossob catchment areas to establish long-term surface water availability in the basin | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Feasibility Study of the Protection of Orange-Senqu River Water Sources (’Sponges’ Project) Lesotho | Lesotho "Sponges": Inventory Report - 2008 (001/2008) | Establish an inventory of wetlands in the Upper Orange-Senqu basin in Lesotho through the collection and analysis of spatial data and undertaking field inventories | French Global Environmental Facility (FFEM) |
| Kingdom of Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho: Water Act - 2008 | Kingdom of Lesotho Water Act of 2008. Legislation. | The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Legislation and Legal Issues Surrounding the Orange River Catchment - 2007 (011/2007) | Review of all legislation to determine how each set relates to water resource usage, their compatibility with each other and with possible developments; review of international agreements regarding their compatibility with each other and with the relevant national legislation, with particular emphasis on the Revised SADC Protocol on Shared Watercourses. Recommendations have to be made on “further actions to solve problem areas that will be identified”. This requires a general discussion and overview of water-related legislation in the mentioned countries and of the applicable international legal instruments. The aim is to discuss their provisions with regard to water resource usage and to determine their compatibility with each other. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Institutional Structures in the four Orange Basin States - 2007 (010/2007) | An institutional scan was conducted which identified the relevant institutions at the various scales within the four ORASECOM partner countries. The inter-relationships between these institutions were then mapped to provide an indication of the institutional landscape in which ORASECOM operates. Significant infrastructure projects in the basin, which have an impact on the current institutional structures, were also examined. These structures were then evaluated in the context of current thinking in international river basin management (IRBM) institutional structures. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Current Analytical Methods and Technical Capacity of the four Orange Basin States - 2007 (009/2007) | The objective of this task and document is to compile a list and description of the major hydrological and yield determination analytical methods that are currently in use in the four basin states of the Orange River (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and South Africa). Both surface and groundwater analytical methods are covered and in addition, the technical capacity available within each basin state to apply the analytical methods has been evaluated, albeit at a very preliminary level in line with the budget available to undertake the work. The results of the assessment are presented in the form of specific details of the specialists, practitioners and trainees as well as organizations that are currently active in the field of water resource management in each basin state. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Demographic and Economic Activity in the four Orange Basin States - 2007 (2008/2007) | The report provides the available information on the population distribution, population growth and demographic movements in the 4 basin states. It also provides an overview of economic activity in the Orange River Basin, and highlight potential economic stimulants and growth areas (and) include a discussion on the economic value of water for different uses | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Water Quality in the Orange River - 2007 (007/2007) | A desktop assessment of the surface water quality status of the Orange River catchment was required as input into the development of the Integrated Water Resource Management Plan (IWRMP) for the Orange River. The objectives of the study were: (a) Collection and assessment of information in reports dealing with water quality (b) Collection and assessment of water quality data on the Vaal and Orange Rivers (c) Approach to water quality management (d) Overview of water quality status (e) Identification of issues and gaps. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Summary of Water Requirements from the Orange River - 2007 (006/2007) | This report is used to summarise the findings from the Water Requirements Task which describes the data base inventory and include a summary of the demands and return flows captured in the excel data base prepared for the current and future demands of the Basin | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Environmental Considerations Pertaining to the Orange River - 2007 (005/2007) | The report provides a desktop evaluation of all environmental considerations in the four Basin States. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Review of Groundwater Resources in the Orange River Catchment - 2007 (004/2007) | The review of groundwater resources involved the identification of information sources within the four countries involved. Format of the information (hard copy or digital, projection, file type, database package, etc.) as well as information status (complete, being developed, planned), the availability thereof and when the information was captured formed part of the investigation. In all cases it will be appreciated that the discussions and observations presented are not intended to be conclusive, but rather to be indicative of the efforts undertaken in this section of the study. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Flood Management Evaluation of the Orange River - 2008 (003/2007) | The purpose of this report is to establish the status quo of flood disaster management in the Orange River catchment on a reconnaissance level and to make recommendations regarding gaps and possible improvements. This document includes a brief overview of the areas prone to flooding, provides a brief description of the flood forecasting capabilities for the Orange River Basin and provides an overview of the flood control works and the reservoir operating strategies for all major reservoirs respectively. Finally, the report provides an overview of existing disaster management strategies. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Review of Surface Hydrology in the Orange River Catchment - 2007 (002/2007) | This report will be used to summarise the findings from the two main components of the hydrology review task. The first component is the data base inventory. A description of the data base inventory along with summaries on pertinent data and data gaps are given in Section 2 of the report. The second component includes a description of the situation assessment of the prevailing hydro-meteorological conditions, in the Orange River Basin. Conclusions and recommendations are also provided. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Orange River Integrated Water Resources Management Plan 2007 (OR_IWRMP) | Review of Existing Infrastructure in the Orange River Catchment - 2007 (001/2007) | The purpose of this report is to summarise the physical characteristics of the various existing sub-systems in the Orange River Basin and to describe the operating rules adopted to manage them. | German Development Cooperation, SADC Water Sector Cooperation |
| Kingdom of Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho: Water and Sanitation Policy - 2007 | Kingdom of Lesotho Water and Sanitation Policy. | The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho |
| Republic of South Africa | Republic of South Africa: Establishment of the ORASECOM Secretariate in South Africa | Republic of South Africa: Establishment of the ORASECOM Secretariate in South Africa - 2006 | Government of South Africa |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Water Requirements - 2005 | The purpose of this report is to: (a) estimate the total water requirement of the Lower Orange River, including water demand projections to the year 2025. (b) provide an agreed basis for water allocations between South Africa and Namibia.(c) provide the basis for the Orange River systems analysis. (d) make recommendations for the development of a “curtailment model” for implementation during times of drought and water shortage. The following consumer groups were analysed: (a) Irrigation; (b)Urban/domestic and industrial/mining; (c) Social and environmental; and (d) Riverine requirements and operating losses - 2005 | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Water Conservation and Demand Management - 2005 | It is the objective of this study to investigate measures to improve the availability of water along the Lower Orange River. This report focuses mainly on Water Demand Management (WDM) initiatives and other demand side measures that can be implemented to improve water use efficiency especially in the irrigation sector. The purpose of this report is to: (a)· assess the potential for improvement in water use efficiency and water demand management both in the upstream area and in the common border area (CBA). (b) make recommendations for improved efficiency. (c) provide cost estimates to implement the identified measures. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Public Consultation - 2005 | The purpose of this report is to report on the public participation process undertaken during the LORMS. Consultation with Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) formed an integral component of the Pre-feasibility study for the Lower Orange River Management Study (LORMS). The public participation process served to provide I&APs (from both Namibia and South Africa) with an opportunity to raise issues and concerns relating to the study, and for the project consultants to provide responses to such comments or to provide feedback as to how such issues and concerns would be addressed in the study. This was achieved through public, authority and key stakeholder consultation. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer Joint Irrigation Scheme (JIA) : Assessment of Viability with Particular Reference to JIA Request for Further Investment - 2005 | The objectives of this study are: (a) To determine (at a strategic level) the financial viability of the Vioolsdrift and Noordoewer Irrigation Scheme, including possible further investment, and the socio-economic benefits of the scheme to the area. (b) To achieve the above through a strategic investigation and assessment of the irrigation development and the farming community. (c) To make recommendations, including the institutional, managerial and agricultural changes that may be necessary to improve the financial and socio-economic situation of the scheme and the agricultural community. (d) These recommendations will inform decisions by the PWC regarding the role of the JIA and in particular its request for financial assistance. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Main Report - 2005 | Namibia is the most downstream riparian user of the Orange River water and all existing storage structures on the Orange River are located more than 1 000 km upstream in South Africa and Lesotho. This situation is understandably of concern to Namibia, which has expressed a wish to secure an equitable and reasonable share of the Orange River water on a more viable and permanent basis. The overall study objective was stated as “Investigate and report on the availability of water and options for improved management through the efficiency of water use and supply management measures to promote the strategic objectives of the countries involved”. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Legal, Institutional, Water Sharing, Cost Sharing, Management and Dam Operation - 2005 | The objective of this Report is to describe different options for co-operation in and sharing of, the development and management (operation and control) of the different development and management options for the Lower Orange River. This is done in the context of the legal framework in the countries, as well as the applicable international law and protocols. The report also puts forward some water and cost sharing options for possible development scenarios. Discussions and recommendations in this report are based on the recognition of the interdependence of the countries, and the alignment of the strategic objectives of the countries for the LOR Basin and the CBA. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Hydrology, Water Quality and Systems Analysis - 2005 | This report was sub-divided into two separate volumes, Volume A and Volume B. The purpose of Volume A is to provide summarised details of the hydrological database, the land-use developments, the associated water requirements, as well as full details on the water supply systems, system yield and planning analyses. Volume B contains a detailed description of the updated hydrology of the Fish River (Namibia), as well as a review of the existing Republic of South Africa (RSA) hydrology. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Specialist Report on the Determination of the Preliminary Ecological Reserve on a Rapid Level for Orange River Estuary - 2005 | The determination of the Ecological Reserve on a Rapid level for the Orange River Estuary was based on published or readily available data and information as listed in Appendix A and discussed in the Specialist Reports (Appendices C to G). | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Environmental Assessment of the Proposed Dam Sites on the Orange River - 2005 | The purpose of this report is to: (a) document the key environmental issues, at a pre-feasibility level of the Lower Orange River; (b) gather focussed information on the most relevant environmental parameters at the Komsberg and Vioolsdrif sites; (c) provide a comparative assessment of the two dam sites in order to compare the potential impacts and to ascertain whether either should be rejected on environmental grounds; and (d) identify areas of uncertainty that need further investigation. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Specialist Report on the Environmental Flow Requirements - Riverine - 2005 | Task 2.1C: Social/Environmental Demands provided the outcome of the comparison between the 1996 estimates for the instream flow requirements for the Orange River (DWAF PD000/00/6197) and those obtained from the Desktop Model using the latest hydrology. If the Ecological Flow Requirements (EFR) had to be supplied from which Vanderkloof Dam (the last major structure on the Orange River mainstem), then implementing the EFR would be problematic. Using the river as a conduit for irrigation water creates ecological problems related to unnaturally high and stable flows in the river. Using the environmental flow estimates of either the Orange River Replanning Study (ORRS) or the Desktop for planning purposes in LORMS may not be appropriate or feasible, and it was recommended that the relationship between the current flow regime in the river and the EFR recommended by the Desktop Model be examined, and that where appropriate, recommended flows be revised. 2004 | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Pre-Feasibility Study into Measures to improve the Management of the Lower Orange River and to provide for future developments along the Border between Namibia and South Africa: 2005 (LORMS) | Dam Development Options and Economic Analysis – Volume 1 & Volume 2 (Appendices) - 2005 | The Dam Development task includes: Identification of dam sites, pre-screening of development options, Development of design and cost criteria, Preliminary designs and cost estimates, Areas of inundation and economic analyses. The report includes (a) Revised and updated dam design component-sizing criteria, and dam costing criteria. (b) Details of additional dam sites that were identified on the Orange River along the common border. (c) Details of a dam site that was identified on the Fish River. (d) Details of pre-screening factors that were applied in making an initial elimination of dam sites.(e) Details of the various pre-screening processes in which dam development options were eliminated from further consideration.(e) A list of more promising dam sites that were considered in more detail (f) Comparison of the best dam development option with the previously-identified Vioolsdrif and Boegoeberg Dam sites. | Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa) and Department of Water Affairs (Namibia) |
| Republic of Botswana | Republic of Botswana: Water Utilities Cooperation Act | Republic of Botswana: Water Utilities Cooperation Act. Legislation | Government of Botswana |
| Department of Water Affairs: RSA | Aquatic Invertebrates of South African Rivers - Illustrations - 2002 | Photo catalogue of the aquatic invertabrates in South African Rivers | Government of South Africa |
| Republic of Botswana | Republic of Botswana: Water Act | Republic of Botswana: Water Act. Legislation | Government of Botswana |
| Southern African Development Community (SADC) | SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses - 2000 | SADC Revised Protocol on Shared Watercourses - 2000 | Southern African Development Community (SADC) |
| ORASECOM | ORASECOM Agreement - 2000 (Reprint 2012) | The signed agreement between the Governments of the Republic of Botswana, the Kingdom of Lesotho, the Republic of Namibia and the Republic of South Africa pertaining to the collaborative development of Orange-Senqu River System as a major water resource in the Region. | ORASECOM |
| Republic of South Africa | Republic of South Africa: National Water Amendment Bill - 1999 | Republic of South Africa: National Water Amendment Bill - 1999. Legislation | Government of South Africa |
| Kingdom of Lesotho | Kingdom of Lesotho: Water Resources Management Policy - 1999 | Kingdom of Lesotho Water Resources Management Policy. | The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho |
| Republic of South Africa | Republic of South Africa: National Water Act - 1998 | Republic of South Africa: National Water Act - 1998. Legislation | Government of South Africa |
| Republic of South Africa | Republic of South Africa: Water Services Act - 1997 | Republic of South Africa: Water Services Act - 1997. Legislation | Government of South Africa |
| South African National Committee on Large Dams (SANCOLD) | Large Dams and Water Systems of South Africa - 1994 | This publication by SANCOLD provide detailed information regarding key issues related to large dams such as Flood Management, Geological Considerations, Earth- and Rockfill Dams, Tailings Dams, Dam Safety and Environmental effects of Large Dams. The publication also includes details of some of South African Dams. | South African National Committee on Large Dams (SANCOLD) |
| Department of Water Affairs: RSA | Management of Water Resources of the Republic of South Africa - 1986 | This publication describes the management of water resources in the Republic of South Africa pre 1986. It covers themes of water demand, surface water and groundwater availability, water quality, reconciliation of demand and supply, water management, water research, water law and financial and staff requirements | Government of South Africa |