River Basin

Irrigation is a fundamental requirement for agriculture in most parts of South Africa.

Annual flow monitored at hydrographic stations.

The Richtersveld region, South Africa/Namibia.

A gorge on the Makhaleng River, near Malealea lodge, Lesotho.

Vanderkloof Dam, South Africa - water held in dams has a temperature gradient, which decreases with depth.

Water is mixed with oxygen in waterfalls.

Acid mine drainage in a stream in Gauteng, South Africa. Such pollution can have devastating effects on ecosystems.

Total Dissolved Solids contributing to water quality problems in Tweelopiespruit, near Krugersdorp, South Africa.

The Orange River, near Upington, South Africa; a region impacted by water quality issues such as suspended sediments from upstream sources.

Salt encrusted soil in the Kalahari

Hardness can damage valves and cause leaking on pipes and other infrastructure.

Eutrophic waters near Keimoes in the Lower Orange River in South Africa.

Tailings from mining operations can become a source of contamination if not properly contained.

Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that can be found in untreated water and cause diarrhoea.

Maletsunyane Falls, in Lesotho.

Healthy wetland in the Lesotho Highlands.

The Caledon River, Lesotho.

Water released from dams such as the Vanderkloof Dam alters the temperature regime of the river downstream.

Blackfly proliferate in stable water temperature conditions.

A pit-latrine in Orange Farm township, to the south of Johannesburg, South Africa.