![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E3DVSA_AGRICULTURE_K_3.JPG) Irrigation is a fundamental requirement for agriculture in most parts of South Africa. Source:Leidorf 2008 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E52NHYDROGRAPH1_130__1.JPG) Annual flow monitored at hydrographic stations. Source:DWA South Africa 2009 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E3EENAMIBIA_ORANGERI_3.JPG) The Richtersveld region, South Africa/Namibia. Source: ©iStockphoto/ Roode 2008 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E3FRGORGE_NEAR_MALEA_3.JPG) A gorge on the Makhaleng River, near Malealea lodge, Lesotho. Source:Tjeerd 2004 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4DYVANDERKLOOF_2_RE_3.JPG) Vanderkloof Dam, South Africa - water held in dams has a temperature gradient, which decreases with depth. Source:Van Wyk 2002 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E5ETLWSIMS_040_130__1_.JPG) Water is mixed with oxygen in waterfalls. Source:Source:Lesotho Water Commission 2002 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4OHAMDCLEVERGREEN_203.JPG) Acid mine drainage in a stream in Gauteng, South Africa. Such pollution can have devastating effects on ecosystems. Source:Clever Green 2011 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4D3TWEELOPIESPRUIT__4.JPG) Total Dissolved Solids contributing to water quality problems in Tweelopiespruit, near Krugersdorp, South Africa. Source:Kruchem 2011 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E5NWP1060500_130__1_75.JPG) The Orange River, near Upington, South Africa; a region impacted by water quality issues such as suspended sediments from upstream sources. Source:Kruchem 2008 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E46KLEAF_IN_SALT_PAN_3.JPG) Salt encrusted soil in the Kalahari Source:Reed 2009 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4NGLEAKING_WATER_PI_3.JPG) Hardness can damage valves and cause leaking on pipes and other infrastructure. Source:DRFN 2004 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E5NJP1060576_130__1__2.JPG) Eutrophic waters near Keimoes in the Lower Orange River in South Africa. Source:Kruchem 2008 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E3XLPHOTO064_COASTAL_3.JPG) Tailings from mining operations can become a source of contamination if not properly contained. Source:DWAF South Africa 1998 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E3FB479PX_GIARDIA_LA_3.JPG) Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite that can be found in untreated water and cause diarrhoea. Source:Carr 2006 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4K0MALETSUNYANEFALL_4.JPG) Maletsunyane Falls, in Lesotho. Source:Lesotho Water Commission 2005 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4QKHEALTHY_WETLAND__4.JPG) Healthy wetland in the Lesotho Highlands. Source:Lesotho Water Commission 2002 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E5BVPO20090905_0024_13.JPG) The Caledon River, Lesotho. Source:Vogel 2009 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32DXLU4_1_7MEETINGTHEW_3.JPG) Water released from dams such as the Vanderkloof Dam alters the temperature regime of the river downstream. Source:DWAF South Africa 2009 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4RIBLACK_FLY_USDA20_3.JPG) Blackfly proliferate in stable water temperature conditions. Source:USDA 2005 ( click to enlarge ) |
![](_SYSTEM/WRITABLE/THUMBNAILCACHE/1Y2P0IJ32E4B1LATRINE_ORANGE_F_3.JPG) A pit-latrine in Orange Farm township, to the south of Johannesburg, South Africa. Source:Kruchem 2008 ( click to enlarge ) |